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| Fisher in 1902 - cartoon by "Spy" |
Few men can have had a greater influence on naval warfare than John Fisher (1841 – 1920), later Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher. This formidable figure, a human whirlwind, was responsible for building HMS Dreadnought, thereby “making every other battleship afloat obsolete overnight” and for reorganising the Royal Navy in the years before World War 1. He did this in the teeth of strong internal opposition but he brought to the process keen strategic insights as to its composition and disposition. Had his career ended in 1911 at the end of his appointment as First Sea Lord, the professional head of the Royal Navy his reputation would have been greater still. It was unfortunate that, at the age of 73, he was reappointed to this same position in 1914. Well past his best, he held it, in increasing rancour with his political opposite number, Winston Churchill, until he resigned in connection with the catastrophe that had developed in the Dardanelles operation against Turkey.
The fascination of Fisher’s career is that he entered a navy of wooden ships and smoothbore cannon, commanded by veterans of the Napoleonic era, but he went on to create a steel navy that employed big guns, torpedoes, radio, submarines and aircraft. His nomination to the Navy, at the age of 13, was by Admiral Sir William Parker (1781 – 1866), the last survivor of Nelson’s captains. Readers of The Dawlish Chronicles will find several references to Fisher, including Nicholas Dawlish’s first meeting with him at the Storming of the Taku forts in China in 1859).
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| The paddle dispatch vessel HMS Coromandel in the Far East She was Fisher's first command,, a temporary one - and he was just 19 years old |
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| My Treasured Copy |
This article is not an account of Fisher’s life, but deals rather with Fisher’s “Memories” – note, not “Memoirs” – which he wrote in the year before his death. I found a copy in a second-hand bookshop some 40 years ago and I’ve been dipping into it since as it is not only of great historical interest but is vastly entertaining to boot. It can be best described as a “brain-dump”, with reminiscences, statements of opinion, proverbs, aphorisms. trivialities, obsessions and much else all mixed up in no particular order. I haven’t encountered any comparable book ever. One suspects that much of the veracity has be treated – Fisher’s memory was perhaps failing even if his energy and vehemence remained undiminished. Few other eminent figures can have referred in a published book to “Some venomous reptile (his name has disappeared - I tried in vain to get hold of it)”, or to human “limpets, parasites, sycophants, and jellyfish”, even if they would have liked to have done so.
What follows are direct quotes. I’ve concentrated on Fisher’s opinions (in some cases obsessions) and may return in a future blog to his accounts of key events. The preface gives a foretaste, and Fisher’s full use of fonts available merits it being shown in a direct scan.
“My reluctance to this book being published before my death is increasingly definite; but I have put my hand to the plough, because of the overbearing argument that I cannot resist, that I shall be helping to:
(a) Avoid national bankruptcy.
(b) Avert the insanity and wickedness of building a Navy against the United States.
(c) Establish a union with America, as advocated by John Bright and Mr. Roosevelt.
(d) Enable the United States and British Navies to say to all other Navies "If you build more, we will fight you, here and now. We’ll 'Copenhagen' you*, without remorse."
This is why I have consented, with such extreme reluctance, to write letters to The Times and dictate six articles; and having thus entered into the fight, I follow the advice of Polonius - Vestigia nulla retrorsum (We Do Not Retreat). And so, today, I will begin this book – not an autobiography, but a collection of memories of a lifelong war against limpets, parasites, sycophants, and jellyfish - at one time there were 19 and ½ millions sterling of 'em'. At times they stung ; but that only made me more relentless, ruthless and remorseless.”
(* by “Copenhagening” Fisher meant launching a pre-emptive strike, if necessarily without declaration of war, as the Japanese did at Port Arthur in 1904. One story is that he proposed doing this in peacetime to the eliminate the German Navy to King Edward VII who, not surprisingly, told him “Fisher – You’re Mad!” – Antoine Vanner)
Fisher was proud of being emphatic in manner. Even King Edward VII did not escape:
The man who reads this in his arm-chair in the Athenaum Club would take it all quite differently if I could walk up and down in front of him and shake my fist in his face.
(It was a lovely episode this recalls to my mind. King Edward- God bless him! – said to me once in one of my moments of wild enthusiasm: “Would you kindly Ieave off shaking your fist in my face?”)
I tried once, so as to make the dead print more lifelike, using different kinds of type-big Roman block letters for the "fist-shaking," large italics for the cajoling, small italics for the facts, and ordinary print for the fool. The printer's price was ruinous, and the effect ludicrous. But I made this compromise and he agreed to it -whenever the following words occurred they were to be printed in large capitals: "Fool,"“Ass”, “Congenital idiot.”
Myself, I don't know that I am singular, but I seldom read a book. I look at the pages as you look at a picture, and grasp it that way. Of course, I know what the skunks will say when they read this -"Didn't I tell you he was superficial ? And here he is judged out of his own mouth.”
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| Fisher as First Sea Lord 1904-1910 |
One particular Chapter heading is irresistible:
Chapter VII
A JEU D’ESPIRIT
BOWS AND ARROWS – SNAILS AND TORTISES –
FACILE DUPES AND SERVILE COPYISTS
An entire chapter, entitled “THINGS THAT PLEASE ME” is a mixture of insights of genius, common sense, obsessions, trivialities and just about anything that came into Fisher's head. Here’s a section, separated as he listed them.
* * *
Thou shalt not kill, but needst not strive Officiously to keep alive! (When catching Submarines)"
* * *
I never bother to bother to bother about anyone who doesn’t’ bother about Me!
* * *
"Put on the impenetrable armour of contempt and fortitude."
* * *
Never fight a Chimney Sweep; some of the soot comes off on you.
* * *
“Liberty of Conscience" means doing wrong but not worrying about it afterwards.
* * *
" Tact" is insulting a man without his knowing it.
* * *
Even a man's faults may reflect his virtues.
* * *
Sincerity is the road to Heaven.
* * *
I thought it would be a good thing to be a missionary, but I thought it would be better to be First Sea Lord.
* * *
Think in Oceans – shoot at sight.
* * *
Big Conceptions and Quick Decisions.
* * *
Napoleonic in Audacity,
Cromwellian in Thoroughness.
Nelsonic in Execution.
* * *
"Surprise"– the pith and marrow of war!
* * *
Audacity and Imagination beget Surprise
* * *
Rashness in War is Prudence.
* * *
Prudence in war is Imbecility.
* * *
Hit first ! Hit hard ! Keep on hitting ! ! (The 3 H's)
* * *
The 3 Requisites for Success – Ruthless, Relentless, Remorseless (The 3 R's)
* * *
BUSINESS – CaIl on a Business man in Business hours only on Business. Transact your Business and go about your Business, in order to give him time to finish his business, and you time to mind your own Business'.
[I had this printed on cards, one of which was handed to every caller on me at the Admiralty.]
* * *
The Nelsonic Attributes –
(a) Self Reliance.
(b) Power of Initiative.
(c) Fearlessness of Responsibility.
(d) Fertility of Resource.
* * *
Originality never yet led to Preferment.
* * *
Mediocrity is the Road to Honour.
* * *
No difficulty baffies great zeal.
* * *
The Pavement of Life is strewn with Orange Peel.
* * *
Inconsistency is the bugbear of Silly Asses.
* * *
Never Deny: Never Explain : Never Apologise.
* * *
The Best Scale for an experiment is 12 inches to a foot.
* * *
Dean Swift satirized the vulgar exclusiveness of those who desired the infinite meadows of Heaven only to be frequented by the religious sect they adorned on earth:
“We are God’s chosen few!
All others will be damned!
There is no place in Heaven for you,
We can’t have Heaven crammed!”
* * *
Dread Nought is over 80 times in the Bible (“Fear Not”) so I took as my motto “Fear God and Dreadnought!”
* * *
If as is often said, Genius and Madness are not far apart , then Fisher was a splendid example!
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I’m flattered to have been asked to be a speaker at the Weymouth Leviathan Maritime Literary Festival in March next year. I’ll also be running a workshop on plot-development for aspiring writers. I'll be delighted to be able to meet fans who can attend and to discuss with them my books and my approach to research and writing, It promises to be a fascinating occasion. I'll be providing updates as details are firmed up but on the meantime, if you're in the UK in 12th-13th March period next year please consider reserving a slot in your diary.